Can I renew my passport in a boarding state if I work there but don't?
You should be able to. I applied for my first adult passport at a post office in Portland, when I was going to school there; my permanent address at that time was in Hawaii. All that matters is that you be able to prove your US citizenship. In fact, if its a routine renewal and you dont need it right away, you can usually renew by mail, in which case it matters even less where you drop the application in the mail.